
Andreae Alciati Em-
blematum liber
primus.
Ad illustrem[1] Maximilianum ducem Mediolanensem.
To the illustrious Maximilian, Duke of Milan.
Emblema I.
Exiliens infans sinuosi è faucibus anguis,
Est gentilitiis nobile stemma tuis.[2]
Talia Pelleum[3] gessisse numismata regem,
Vidimus, hisque suum concelebrasse genus.
Dum se Ammone satum,[4] matrem anguis imagine lusam,
Divini & sobolem seminis esse docet.
Ore exit, tradunt sic quosdam enitier angues,[5]
An quia sic
Pallas de capite orta Iovis?[6]
An infant bursting from the maw of a coiling serpent marks the noble lineage of your clan. We have observed that the Pellaean king had coinage with such a device and by it celebrated his own descent, proclaiming that he was begotten of Ammon, that his mother was beguiled by the form of a snake and the child was the offspring of divine seed. The infant emerges from the mouth. They say that some snakes come to birth that way. Or is it because Pallas sprang like this from the head of Jove?

COMMENTARIA.
Describuntur hîc insignia sive arma fami-
liae ducis Mediolani (est autem Mediolanum
civitas metropolis illius Ducatus Insubriae, in
Italia non procul ab Alpibus) quae ut hîc de-
picta sunt Infans seu puerulus prosiliens ex
ore serpentis. Laudantur autem ab antiquitate
& celebritate primi inventoris: quia Pellaeus
(id est, Alexander Magnus sic dictus à Pella
urbe in qua natus, unde Iuvenalis, Unus Pel-
laeo iuveni non sufficit orbis) olim talia nu-
mismata cussit, & ex simili figura, originem &
stirpem suam celebrem iactavit, dicens se di-
vinitus ortum. Mater nanque eius Olympias
confessa erat palàm, Alexandrum se non ex
Philippo marito suo, sed ex serpente ingentis
magnitudinis concepisse &c. ut pulchrè Iu-
stinus lib. 11. & Quintus Curtius passim. Ammon
verò aliàs Hammon Iupiter dicitur, in specie
Arietis in quem transformatus fuit, ut canit
Ovidius lib. 5. Metamorphoseon Bacchus enim cùm
iam tota debellata Asia, in Lybia per deser-
tum exercitum duceret & in sicca arena ma-
xima omnes siti premerentur. Ille patris sui
(Iupiter autem fuit, ut infrà dicetur) praesidio
implorato, confestim Arietis ductu, amoenis-
simum invenit fontem. Illum autem Iovem
fuisse existimans, ideoque in illa Arena vasti-
Link to an image of this page [a5r p9]giosissimum Templum ei extruxit, in eoque si-
mulacrum Arietis posuit & Ammonem voca-
vit, id est, Arenarium, Graecis enim ἄμμος
arena dicitur, sed de his plura Suidas. Egredi-
tur autem puer ex ore serpentis, vel ideo quia
quosdam angues sic parere aiunt, vel quia
Pallas, id est, Minerva sapientiae dea, similiter
ex capite Iovis nata fingitur. Ut omnia haec
pulchrè per ipsum autorem Alciatum in li-
bro suo quem scripsit de singulari certami-
ne. cap. 43.
1. Other editions expand this to illustrissimum
2. The Sforza family had ruled Milan since 1450, having assumed power through marriage (some said fraudulently) to a Visconti heiress, and taken their symbol as their own. They were chased out in 1499 by the French, but restored several times.
3. Pellaeum...regem: ‘the Pellaean king’, i.e. Alexander the Great, born at Pella in Macedonia
4. For the superhuman birth of Alexander, see e.g. Plutarch, Life of Alexander, 3 and 27: Jupiter in the form of a serpent mated with Olympias, wife of Philip of Macedon, and begat Alexander. Ammon, a north African deity, was identified with Zeus/Jupiter. When Alexander visited Ammon’s sanctuary, he was hailed as the son of the god.
5. According to e.g.Pliny, Natural History 10.170, Aelian, De natura animalium 1.24, the viper, alone among snakes, produces not eggs but live young. See also Isidore, Etymologiae 12.4.10.
6. The story of Pallas Athene springing complete and armed from the head of Jove is found in many sources; see e.g. Homer, Hymns 3.308ff; Hesiod, Theogony 923ff.
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Foedera.
Alliances.
II.
Hanc citharam, à lembi quae forma halieutica[1] fertur,
Vendicat & propriam Musa Latina sibi,
Accipe Dux, placeat nostrum hoc tibi tempore munus,
Quo nova cum sociis foedera inire paras.
Link to an image of this page [a5v p10]
Difficile est, nisi docto homini, tot tendere chordas:
Unaque si fuerit non bene tenta fides.
Ruptave (quod facile est) perit omnis gratia conchae,
Illeque praecellens cantus, ineptus erit.
Sic Itali coëunt proceres in foedera: concors,
Nil est quod timeas, si tibi constet amor.
At si aliquis desciscat (uti plerunque videmus)
In nihilum illa omnis solvitur harmonia.
This lute, which from its boat shape is called “halieutica”, my Latin Muse now claims for her own service. Receive it, O Duke. May this offering of mine be pleasing to you at this moment when you are preparing to enter into fresh agreements with your allies. It is difficult, except for a man of skill, to tune so many strings, and if one string is out of tune or broken, which so easily happens, all the music of the instrument is lost and its lovely song disjointed. In like manner the leaders of Italy are now forming alliances. There is nothing for you to fear if affection lasts for you and stays in concord. But if any one should slide away, which we often see, that harmony is all dissolved into nothing.
COMMENTARIA.
Quoniam Dux Mediolanensis nova foe-
dera cum quibusdam inire constituerat. Assi-
gnat sibi Autor Citharam quae ab aliis Lutina
vocatur, musicale instrumentum undecim fi-
dibus, cuius forma est lembi, id est, Naviculae
parvulae piscatorum, ut dicitur in halieutica,
quod est in libris de piscibus & arte piscato-
ria tractantibus, de quibus Plinius lib. 32. cap. 2.
Et à simili, quemadmodum difficile est (nisi pe
rito Musico) tot chordas ad iucundam & per-
fectam consonantiam construere: si enim illa-
rum una saltem non rectè coaptata ruptave
fuerit, mox omnis sonus aliàs dulcissimus &
suavissimus perit omnino, fitque ineptus & auditui
molestus. Sic etiam qui coëunt in foedera do
nec erunt concordes & unanimes, nihil illis
timendum. Caeterùm si eorum aliquis à vero
illo & syncero amore declinaverit (sicut ple-
runque fit) tota confertim harmonia, id est,
suavis ille concentus, corruet.
1. A Greek word meaning ‘fishing’ (boat).
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