
Etiam ferocissimos domari.
Even the fiercest are tamed.
IIII.
Romanum postquàm eloquium, Cicerone perempto,
Perdiderat[1] patriae pestis acerba suae:
Inscendit currus victor, iunxitque leones[2],
Compulit & durum colla subire iugum:
Magnanimos cessisse suis Antonius armis,
Ambage hac cupiens significare duces.
After Antony, that grievous bane of his country, had destroyed eloquence by slaying Cicero, he mounted his chariot in triumph and yoked to it lions, forcing their necks to bow to the harsh yoke, desiring by this symbolic act to indicate that great leaders had given way before his military might.
COMMENTARIA.
Popilius Lenas executor Marci Antonii eius
iussu Ciceronem proscriptum & ad mare fu-
gientem, ut minas & crudelitatem Triumvi-
rorum evitaret, insecutus est & interfecit,
apud Formias Oppidum. Caput autem Ci-
ceronis ad Marcum Antonium pertulit, Au-
thor est Appianus lib. 4. Civilium bellorum. Qui
Link to an image of this page [a7v p14]tanquam victor currum ascendit triumpha-
lem, coniunctis duobus Leonibus illum ve-
hentibus, ut ex Plinio refert Crinitus lib. 16. ca. 10.
de honesta disciplina significare volens,[3] uti fe-
rocissimos Leones, sic etiam plurimos ma-
gnanimos & potentes principes sibi obedi-
re, à seque victos esse. Notatur hîc insolentia
& superbia quae semper & à natura victoriae
inest, ut exclamat Cicero, in Orationibus pro
Marco Marcello. Quemadmodum autem in ab-
scissum Ciceronis caput ignominiosè saevie-
rint Marcus Antonius & uxor eius, recitat idem
Crinitus lib. 1. cap. 8.
1. ‘had destroyed eloquence by slaying Cicero’. Cicero was considered Rome’s greatest orator - his name was held by many to be synonymous with eloquence itself; see Quintilian, Institutio oratoria 10.1.112. Mark Antony had Cicero murdered in 43 BC in revenge for his scathing attacks in the fourteen ‘Philippic’ orations. See Seneca the Elder, Suasoriae 6.17.
2. Cf. Pliny, Natural History 8.21.55: Antony was the first to yoke lions to a chariot in Rome...by this unnatural sight giving people to understand that noble spirits were at that time bowing to the yoke.
3. Petrus Crinitus (Pietro Riccio), Commentarii de honesta disciplina. Crinitus was a Florentine humanist (d. 1507) whose Latin nickname derived from the Latin for ‘curly’ in Italian (riccio).
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In Silentium.
Silence
III.
Cùm tacet, haud quicquam differt sapientibus amens,
Stultitiae est index linguaque voxque suae.
Ergo premat labias, digitoque silentia signet,
Et sese Pharium vertat in Harpocratem[1].
When he is silent, the fool differs no whit from the wise. It is tongue and voice that betray his stupidity. Let him therefore put his finger to his lips and so mark silence, and turn himself into Egyptian Harpocrates.
COMMENTARIA.
Satius longè ac honestius est silere & ta-
citurnum esse, quàm verba fundere seu lo-
quacem. Stultus enim cùm tacet, nihil pror-
sus differt à sapiente, quia sermo & loquela
indicium erit stultitiae & ignorantiae suae, ver-
ba sunt Salomonis Proverbiorum cap. 17. Sic olim
Solon Philosophus ille sapientissimus, cùm
in frequenti quodam hominum conventu Link to an image of this page [a6v p12]multis multa loquentibus, ipse verò nihil di-
ceret, interrogatus à Periandro utrum ob ver
borum inopiam an quia stultus esset taceret?
respondit, neminem stultum tacere posse. Sic
& Divinus ille Plato interrogatus per quid
cognoscerentur homines: respondit homi-
nes & vasa figula simili modo probari, haec
quidem ex sono, illos verò ex sermone facile
cognosci, quin imò rectè etiam Zeno Stoi-
corum Philosophorum Princeps, cuidam
inepta & nihil ad rem loquenti sic dixit. Id-
circo aures habemus duas & os unum, uti
plura audiamus, loquamur pauca: affirmat
Diogenes Laërtius lib. 7. de vita Philosopho-
rum. Digito igitur os & labra compri-
menda erunt ut fecisse fertur Harpocratem
quem silentii & taciturnitatis deum Aegy-
ptii celebrabant, Pharius autem dici-
tur, sumpta denominatione ab insu-
la Pharo prope Alexandriam,
in qua ille natus fuit. Plinius
lib. 5. & lib. 13. cap.
11. & Volater-
ranus folio
338.[2]
1. Harpocrates, also known as Horus, was the son of the Egyptian divinity Isis. He avenged the murder of his father Osiris by Set/Typhon. He is often represented as an infant with his finger held to his mouth as a sign of silence and economy of words. See Plutarch, De Iside et Osiride 68.
2. The historian and humanist Volterranus, was Raffaele Maffei, from Volterra (1455-1522); he wrote the well-known Commentaria Urbana, essentially an encyclopedia.
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